Table 4: Socio-demographic, clinic and epidemiological variables associated with HPV infection in women from Cañar province, Ecuador.
Variables |
Groups or ranges |
Total N=200 n % |
HPV + N=85 n % |
Chi square test X2 |
p Value |
OR (CI 95%) |
||
Women classification |
Indigenous Urban |
100 100 |
50 50 |
34 51 |
40 60 |
5.91 |
0.011 |
2.02 (1.14-3.57) |
Indigenous Ethnicity Quechua |
Yes |
100 |
50 |
31 |
36.5 |
10.82 |
0.001 |
0.38 (0.21-0.68) |
Age ranges (in years)
|
<20 20-30 31-40 41-50 >50 |
3 50 54 61 32 |
1.5 25 27 30.5 16 |
3 28 26 23 5 |
3.5 32.9 30.6 27.1 5.9 |
4.12 4.97 0.97 0.82 11.26 |
0.075 0.020 0.205 0.226 0.000 |
0.42 (0.35-0.49) 2.08 (1.09-3.97) 1.37 (0.73-0.27) 0.75 (0.41-1.39) 0.20 (0.07-0.55) |
Occupation |
Student Homemaker Farmer Laborer Professional |
14 74 67 32 13 |
7 37 33.5 16 6.5 |
9 27 24 16 9 |
10.6 31.8 28.2 18.8 10.6 |
2.92 1.74 1.84 0.88 4.06 |
0.070 0.121 0.114 0.229 0.043 |
2.60 (0.84-8.08) 0.67 (0.37-1.21) 0.66 (0.36-1.21) 1.44 (0.67-3.08) 3.29 (1.01-11.06) |
Education Level |
Illiteracy Primary Secondary University |
41 86 45 28 |
20.5 43 22.5 14 |
14 33 20 18 |
16 38.8 23.5 21.2 |
1.47 1.05 0.09 6.32 |
0.150 0.189 0.447 0.011 |
0.64 (0.31-1.32) 0.74 (0.42-1.31) 1.11 (0.57-2.16) 2.82 (1.23-6.48) |
Marital status |
Married Single Divorced Consensual join Widow |
138 27 9 19 7 |
69 13.5 4.5 9.5 3.5 |
50 21 4 9 1 |
58.8 24.7 4.7 10.6 1.2 |
7.16 15.9 0.01 0.20 2.36 |
0.006 0.000 0.582 0.414 0.124 |
0.44 (0.24-0.82) 5.96 (2.29-15.54) 1.09 (0.28-4.17) 1.24 (0.48-3.21) 0.22 (0.02-1.83) |
Age of menarche (in years) |
≤14 ≥15 |
185 25 |
92.5 12.5 |
82 3 |
96.5 3.5 |
10.88 10.88 |
0.001 0.001 |
6.47 (1.87-22.40) 0.16 (0.05-0.54) |
Age of first sexual intercourse (in years) |
≤ 15 16-20 > 20 |
5 165 30 |
2.5 82.515 |
4 74 7 |
4.7 87.1 8.2 |
2.95 2.13 5.31 |
0.105 0.101 0.016 |
5.63 (0.62-51.30) 1.77 (0.82-3.86) 0.36 (0.15-0.88) |
Number of pregnancies |
0-1 2-3 ≥4 |
30 97 73 |
15 48.5 36.5 |
16 47 22 |
18.8 55.3 25.9 |
1.69 2.73 7.19 |
0.136 0.065 0.005 |
0.167 (0.77-3.65) 1.61 (0.91-2.83) 0.44 (0.24-0.81) |
Number of deliveries
|
0-1 2-3 ≥4 |
38 106 56 |
19 53 28 |
20 50 15 |
23.5 58.8 17.6 |
1.97 2.01 7.86 |
0.111 0.101 0.004 |
1.66 (0.82-3.37) 1.51 (0.86-2.65) 0.39 (0.19-0.76) |
Previous history of STI |
Yes |
77 |
38.5 |
43 |
50.6 |
9.12 |
0.002 |
2.44 (1.36-4.37) |
Smoking |
Yes |
32 |
16 |
24 |
28.2 |
16.47 |
0.000 |
5.26 (2.23-12.43) |
Inflammation process in cervical cytology
|
Yes |
97 |
48.5 |
51 |
60 |
7.83 |
0.004 |
2.25 (1.27-3.99) |
Degree of inflammation of cervical mucosa |
Mild Moderate Severe |
40 41 25 |
20 20.5 12.5 |
19 23 15 |
22 27.1 17.6 |
0.51 3.90 3.60 |
0.295 0.037 0.048 |
1.29 (0.64-2.58) 2.00 (1.01-4.00) 2.25 (1.00-5.29) |
Gynecological symptoms |
Vaginal discharge |
132 |
66 |
65 |
76.5 |
7.22 |
0.005 |
2.33 (1.25-4.34) |
Hormonal contraceptive use |
Yes |
100 |
50 |
51 |
60 |
5.91 |
0.011 |
2.02 (1.14-3.56) |
Hormonal contraceptive use (in years) |
1 2-4 ≥5 |
19 54 27 |
9.5 27 13.5 |
13 28 10 |
15.3 32.9 11.8 |
5.77 2.65 0.38 |
0.016 0.072 0.344 |
3.28 (1.19-9.53) 1.68 (0.90-3.15) 0.77 (0.33-1.78) |
Source: Inquiry form and statistical analysis. STI: Sexually transmitted infections.