Table 4: Socio-demographic, clinic and epidemiological variables associated with HPV infection in women from Cañar province, Ecuador.

Variables

Groups or ranges

Total

N=200

  n           %

HPV +

 N=85

n            %

Chi square test

X2

p Value

OR (CI 95%)

Women classification

Indigenous

Urban

100

100

50

50

34

51

40

60

5.91

0.011

2.02 (1.14-3.57)

Indigenous  Ethnicity Quechua

Yes

100

50

31

36.5

10.82

0.001

0.38 (0.21-0.68)

Age ranges

(in years)

 

<20

20-30

31-40

41-50

>50

3

50

54

61

32

1.5

25

27

30.5

16

3

28

26

23

5

3.5

32.9

30.6

27.1

5.9

4.12

4.97

0.97

0.82

11.26

0.075

0.020

0.205

0.226

0.000

0.42 (0.35-0.49)

2.08 (1.09-3.97)

1.37 (0.73-0.27)

0.75 (0.41-1.39)

0.20 (0.07-0.55)

Occupation

Student

Homemaker

Farmer

Laborer

Professional

14

74

67

32

13

7

37

33.5

16

6.5

9

27

24

16

9

10.6

31.8

28.2

18.8

10.6

2.92

1.74

1.84

0.88

4.06

0.070

0.121

0.114

0.229

0.043

2.60 (0.84-8.08)

0.67 (0.37-1.21)

0.66 (0.36-1.21)

1.44 (0.67-3.08)

3.29 (1.01-11.06)

Education Level

Illiteracy

Primary

Secondary

University

41

86

45

28

20.5

43

22.5

14

14

33

20

18

16

38.8

23.5

21.2

1.47

1.05

0.09

6.32

0.150

0.189

0.447

0.011

0.64 (0.31-1.32)

0.74 (0.42-1.31)

1.11 (0.57-2.16)

2.82 (1.23-6.48)

Marital status

Married

Single

Divorced

Consensual join

Widow

138

27

9

19

7

69

13.5

4.5

9.5

3.5

50

21

4

9

1

58.8

24.7

4.7

10.6

1.2

7.16

15.9

0.01

0.20

2.36

0.006

0.000

0.582

0.414

0.124

0.44 (0.24-0.82)

5.96 (2.29-15.54)

1.09 (0.28-4.17)

1.24 (0.48-3.21)

0.22 (0.02-1.83)

Age of menarche

(in years)

≤14

≥15

185

25

92.5

12.5

82

3

96.5

3.5

10.88

10.88

0.001

0.001

6.47 (1.87-22.40)

0.16 (0.05-0.54)

Age of first sexual intercourse (in years)

≤ 15

16-20

> 20

5

165

30

2.5

82.515

4

74

7

4.7

87.1

8.2

2.95

2.13

5.31

0.105

0.101

0.016

5.63 (0.62-51.30)

1.77 (0.82-3.86)

0.36 (0.15-0.88)

Number of pregnancies

0-1

2-3

≥4

30

97

73

15

48.5

36.5

16

47

22

18.8

55.3

25.9

1.69

2.73

7.19

0.136

0.065

0.005

0.167 (0.77-3.65)

1.61 (0.91-2.83)

0.44 (0.24-0.81)

Number of deliveries

 

0-1

2-3

≥4

38

106

56

19

53

28

20

50

15

23.5

58.8

17.6

1.97

2.01

7.86

0.111

0.101

0.004

1.66 (0.82-3.37)

1.51 (0.86-2.65)

0.39 (0.19-0.76)

Previous history of STI

Yes

77

38.5

43

50.6

9.12

0.002

2.44 (1.36-4.37)

Smoking

Yes

32

16

24

28.2

16.47

0.000

5.26 (2.23-12.43)

Inflammation process in cervical cytology

 

Yes

97

48.5

51

60

7.83

0.004

2.25 (1.27-3.99)

Degree of inflammation of cervical mucosa

Mild

Moderate

Severe

40

41

25

20

20.5

12.5

19

23

15

22

27.1

17.6

0.51

3.90

3.60

0.295

0.037

0.048

1.29 (0.64-2.58)

2.00 (1.01-4.00)

2.25 (1.00-5.29)

Gynecological symptoms

Vaginal discharge

132

66

65

76.5

7.22

0.005

2.33 (1.25-4.34)

Hormonal contraceptive use

Yes

100

50

51

60

5.91

0.011

2.02 (1.14-3.56)

Hormonal contraceptive use (in years)

1

2-4

≥5

19

54

27

9.5

27

13.5

13

28

10

15.3

32.9

11.8

5.77

2.65

0.38

0.016

0.072

0.344

3.28 (1.19-9.53)

1.68 (0.90-3.15)

0.77 (0.33-1.78)

Source: Inquiry form and statistical analysis. STI: Sexually transmitted infections.