Refractory cardiac arrest algorithm (CPR ≥ 30 min) taken from Brunner, et al. [8] (Modified from the book Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation - Advances in Therapy. 2016. This publication is an open Access publication, available on intechopen.com).

Table 2: Refractory cardiac arrest algorithm (CPR ≥ 30 min) taken from Brunner, et al. [8] (Modified from the book Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation - Advances in Therapy. 2016. This publication is an open Access publication, available on intechopen.com).

ECMO alarm criteria
Indications	Contraindications
No-flow ≤ 3 min. Or immediate CPR by professional Or signs of life per CPR Or hypothermia	No flow > 5 min.
Age ≤ 65 years	Obvious sign of death
First rhythm: Shockable rhythm	Comorbidities lead to futility
EtCO₂ ≥ 10 mmHg under CPR	Time from cardiac arrest to ECMO > 100 min.
Projected arrival at the hospital ≤ 60 min.