Table 2: Refractory cardiac arrest algorithm (CPR ≥ 30 min) taken from Brunner, et al. [8] (Modified from the book Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation - Advances in Therapy. 2016. This publication is an open Access publication, available on intechopen.com).

ECMO alarm criteria
Indications Contraindications
No-flow ≤ 3 min.
Or immediate CPR by professional
Or signs of life per CPR
Or hypothermia
No flow > 5 min.
Age ≤ 65 years Obvious sign of death
First rhythm: Shockable rhythm Comorbidities lead to futility
EtCO2 ≥ 10 mmHg under CPR Time from cardiac arrest to ECMO > 100 min.
Projected arrival at the hospital ≤ 60 min.