Low wall shear stress: Summary of hemodynamic pattern, growth rate, and vascular wall changes.

Table 2: Low wall shear stress: Summary of hemodynamic pattern, growth rate, and vascular wall changes.

References	Wall Shear Stress	Pattern of Growth Vessel Wall Changes
Tateshima [84]	Low WSS	Growth and expansion of CA	Not Assessed
Shojma [4]	Los WSS	Growth and expansion of CA	Not Assessed
Boussel [86]	Low WSS	Growth and expansion of CA	Disorganization of endothelium, increased production of vasoconstrictive & inflammatory agents; increased apoptosis of ECs
Skodvin [87]	Low WSS	Growth and expansion of CA	Not Assessed
Malek [123]	Low WSS	Growth and expansion of CA	Endothelial Cell upregulation of ICAM, VCAM, Interleukin 1, Reactive Oxygen Species
Qiu T [124]	Low WSS	Growth and expansion of CA	Increased Inflammatory cell infiltration
Chiu JJ	Low WSS	Growth and expansion of CA	Increased reactive oxygen species formation
Galis [125]	Low WSS	Growth and expansion of CA	MMP production by macrophages
Ross R [99]	Low WSS	Growth and expansion of CA	SMC proliferation and migration Thrombus formation
Lu & Kassab [126]	Low WSS	Growth and expansion of CA	Decreased production of PGI2, leading to atherosclerotic changes; increased oxidative stress
Zhou [127]	Low WSS	Growth and expansion of CA	Increased selectin-mediated leukocyte rolling
Papadaki [122]	Low WSS	Growth and expansion of CA	Decreased tPA production
Turjman [96]	Low WSS	Growth and expansion of CA	Reorganized ECs w/ cuboidal shape; promoted thrombosis & leukocyte adhesion