Morphological parameters of leaves of Q. robur growing in the southern steppes of Ukraine, Dnipropetrovsk Region. 'a' notes significant differences in parameters between tree No. 1 (shaded) and No. 3 (unshaded) (P ≤ 0.05), while 'b' notes significant differences within the parameters of a single tree. 2 (Shaded trees) from tree No. 3 (without shading) (P ≤ 0.05). "c" indicates significant differences in parameters for trees No. 1 (shaded) and No. 4 (unshaded) (P ≤ 0.05), while "d" indicates significant differences in parameters for trees No. 2 (shaded) and No. 4 (unshaded) (P ≤ 0.05).

Table 2: Morphological parameters of leaves of Q. robur growing in the southern steppes of Ukraine, Dnipropetrovsk Region. 'a' notes significant differences in parameters between tree No. 1 (shaded) and No. 3 (unshaded) (P ≤ 0.05), while 'b' notes significant differences within the parameters of a single tree. 2 (Shaded trees) from tree No. 3 (without shading) (P ≤ 0.05). "c" indicates significant differences in parameters for trees No. 1 (shaded) and No. 4 (unshaded) (P ≤ 0.05), while "d" indicates significant differences in parameters for trees No. 2 (shaded) and No. 4 (unshaded) (P ≤ 0.05).

Parameter Leaf size, mm	Oak tree number
Parameter Leaf size, mm	Tree No. 1	Tree No. 2	Tree No. 3	Tree No. 4
Long axis	105 ± 9.1	130 ± 12.1	75 ± 7.1^a,b	78 ± 5.7^c,d
Short axis (in the 2^nd lobe)	42 ± 5.7	57 ± 3.7	33 ± 5.1^a,b	32 ± 3.9^c,d
Leaf area^*, mm²	4665 ± 133	6057 ± 141	3188 ± 153^a,b	2729 ± 131^c,d

*Leaf area was measured by the protocol of Pandey and Singh (2011)