Table 1: Early AMS dates on macrobotanical maize samples. The table includes early dates from Mexico since they represent the chronological baseline for dated samples in other regions of the Neotropics and western South America.

Country/Region

Site

Dated material

14C method

14C years B.P.

Sample ID no.

Reference

Mexico

Oaxaca

Guilá Naquitz

Maize Cob

AMS

5420 ± 60

Beta-132511

[47]

Puebla

San Marcos Cave

Maize Cob

AMS

4700 ± 110

AA-3311

[100]

Puebla

El Riego Cave

Maize Cob

AMS

3850 ± 240

AA-52684

[15]

Puebla

Coxcatlan Cave

Maize Cob

AMS

3740 ± 60

AA-3313

(Table 1)

Tamaulipas

Romero's Cave

Maize Cob

AMS

3930 ± 50

Beta-85431

[101]

Tamaulipas

Valenzuela's Cave

Maize Cob

AMS

3890 ± 60

Beta-85433

[102]

Chiapas

San Carlos

Kernel

AMS

3365 ± 55

Beta-62911

[103,104]

Chihuahua

Cerro Juanaquena

Maize Cob

AMS

2980 ± 50

INS-3983

[105]

Tabasco

San Andres

Maize Cob

AMS

2565 ± 45

AA-33923

[106]

Sonora

La Playa

Maize

AMS

1885 ± 50

n/a

[107]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ecuador/coast

Loma Alta

Kernels

AMS

3500

n/a

[108]

Ecuador/coast

Loma Alta

Carbonized Kernels

AMS

2490 ± 40

Beta-103315

[109]

Peru

Northern highlands

Pancan

Maize Cob

Conventional

1500 ± 40

n/a

[110]

Trujillo/north coast

Paredones

Charred Husk

AMS

5900 ± 40

OS-86020

[48]

Trujillo/north coast

Paredones

Charred Maize

AMS

5584 ± 35

AA-86932

[48]

Trujillo/north coast

Paredones

Charred cob

AMS

4181 ± 34

AA-86934

[48]

Central Coast

Los Gavilanes

Maize Cob

AMS

2333 ± 35

AA-93181

[111]

North Central coast

Caballete

Maize Stalk

Conventional

2380 ± 40

GX-32724

[112,113]

 

Brazil/Minas Gerais

Peruaçu Valley

Maize Cob

AMS

990 ± 60

-

[114]

 

Argentina/Mendoza

Gruta del Indio

Maize

Conventional

2065 ± 40

GrN-5396

[115]

Catamarca/highlands

Punta de la Pena 4

Kernel

AMS

560 ± 50

UGA-15089

[110]

 

Chile/North Coast

Ramaditas

Maize Cob

AMS

2210 ± 55

GX-21725

[98]

 

Guatacondo

Maize Cob

AMS

1865

UCLA-1698c

[98]

 

Rixhasca

Kernel

AMS

1025

GX-21748

[98]

 

Tiliviche 1-b

Maize Cob

AMS

920 ± 32

AA-56416

[98]

 

Note: Only the earliest macrobotanical dates are presented.