Table 6: Teachers' and principals' perceptions of the factors that cause interpersonal conflicts between them.
| The perceived factors contributing to interpersonal conflicts between principals and teachers |
Respondents | |
| Teachers (n = 118) | Principals (n = 4) | |
| Intergroup and interpersonal relations | ||
| Cultural differences | 63 (53.39%) | 0 (0%) |
| Personality differences | 49 (41.53%) | 3 (75%) |
| Language and persona | 43 (36.44%) | 2 (50%) |
| Lack of professional commitment | 62 (52.54%) | 1 (25%) |
| Power struggles | 27 (22.89%) | 0 (0%) |
| Poor interpersonal skills | 58 (49.15%) | 2 (25%) |
| Vindictiveness | 59 (50%) | 0 (0%) |
| Management and leadership issues | ||
| Authoritative approach to problem solving | 45 (38.14%) | 0 (0%) |
| Lack purposeful employee development | 39 (33.05%) | 0 (0%) |
| Unfair performance appraisal | 24 (20.34%) | 0 (0%) |
| Poor communication and outdated policies | 35 (29.66%) | 0 (0%) |
| Lack of understanding | 28 (23.73%) | 2 (25%) |
| Lack of involvement and cooperation | 14 (11.86%) | 3 (75%) |
| Inappropriate implementation of rules and regulations | 13 (11.02%) | 3 (75%) |
| Micromanagement and lack of autonomy | 12 (10.17%) | 0 (0%) |
| Physical environment | 20 (16.95%) | 0 (0%) |
| Competition for limited resources | 15 (10.71%) | 0 (0%) |
| Personal practices | ||
| Layoffs perceived as unjustified | 74 (62.715%) | 0 (0%) |
| Unreasonable demands by administration | 76 (64.41%) | 0 (0%) |
| Unauthorized absenteeism | 65 (55.08%) | 3 (75%) |
| Laxity in implementation of school policies | 46 (38.98%) | 0 (0%) |
| Work structure | ||
| Setting unrealistic targets for teachers | 63 (53.39%) | 0 (0%) |
| Setting goals that are not specific | 31 (26.27%) | 0 (0%) |
| Inability to perform tasks on time | 27 (22.89%) | 2 (25%) |
| Subjecting teachers to overwhelming workloads | 57 (47.31%) | 0 (0%) |
| Failure to set high expectations for students and hold them responsible for their own actions |
63 (53.39%) | 2 (25%) |
| Ethical factors | ||
| Failure to support teachers when dealing with aggressive students and parents | 53 (48.31%) | 0 (0%) |
| Inappropriate involvement of parents in the teaching-learning process | 50 (42.37%) | 0 (0%) |
| Parents undermining teachers' professional autonomy | 27 (22.89%) | 0 (0%) |
| Inappropriate allocation of resources | 21 (17.80%) | 0 (0%) |
| Discussing students and teachers inappropriately | 25 (21.19%) | 2 (25%) |
| Morale distress due to lack of empowerment to address diverse values | 42 (35.59%) | 0 (0%) |