Classic laparoscopy (n = 46)

Robotic (n = 46)

p

Male gender (%)

28 (60.9)

26 (56.5)

Cardiopulmonary disease

9 (19.6)

5 (10.9)

Age (mean (SD))

65.09 (11.26)

60.52 (12.91)

0.074

Surgery duration (mean (SD))

298.48 (97.95)

387.70 (96.28)

< 0.001

Intraoperative epidural analgesia (%)

8 (17.4)

2 (4.3)

Continuous Lidocaine use (%)

25 (54.3)

39 (84.8)

Ketamine = 1 (%)

40 (87.0)

43 (93.5)

Presence of preoperative pain (%)

7 (15.2)

3 (6.5)

Mean Remifentanil dose mcg/min (mean (SD))

4.55 (1.64)

4.74 (1.71)

0.576

Intraoperative paracetamol (%)

46 (100.0)

45 (97.8)

Intraoperative nefopam (%)

40 (87.0)

41 (89.1)

Intraoperative Ketoprofene (%)

22 (47.8)

24 (52.2)

Intraoperative Tramadol (%)

38 (82.6)

35 (76.1)

SPS upon arrival to recovery room (%)

 0

 1

 2

 3

 4

29 (63.0)

7 (15.2)

5 (10.9)

4 (8.7)

1 (2.2)

31 (67.4)

8 (17.4)

6 (13.0)

1 (2.2)

0 (0.0)

Maximal pain NRS - day 1 (median [IQR])

4.00 [3.00, 5.00]

4.00 [3.00, 5.00]

0.902

Maximal pain NRS - day 2 (median [IQR])

3.00 [1.00, 4.00]

3.00 [0.00, 5.00]

0.695

Maximal pain NRS - day 3 (median [IQR])

1.50 [0.00, 4.75]

2.00 [0.00, 4.00]

0.633

72 hrs total-morphine dose (mean (SD))

27.46 (30.11)

31.09 (36.22)

0.602

Morphine consumption at day 1 (mean (SD))

14.87 (17.72)

16.48 (20.38)

0.687

Morphine consumption at day 2 (mean (SD))

8.67 (13.47)

10.30 (15.25)

0.588

Morphine consumption at day 3 (mean (SD))

2.80 (6.50)

3.93 (7.33)

0.436

Hospital length of stay (median [IQR])

10.00 [8.00, 14.00]

10.50 [9.00, 15.75]

0.361