Laparoscopy/Robot (LR) (n = 92)

Laparotomy (LT) (n = 59)

No PCEA (n = 82)

PCEA (n = 10)

No PCEA (n = 11)

PCEA (n = 48)

p-value

Statistical test

Maximal pain NRS- day1 (median [IQR])

4 [3.0, 5.0]

4 [0.5, 5.75]

3 [1.5, 5.0]

4 [3.0, 5.25]

0.801

Kruskal-Wallis

Maximal pain NRS- day2 (median [IQR])

3.50 [1.0, 5.0]

1.5 [0.00, 4.25]

4.0 [1.5, 4.0]

3.0 [1.0, 5.0]

0.621

Kruskal-Wallis

Maximal pain NRS- day3 (median [IQR])

2.00 [0.0, 4.0]

3.5 [0.25, 6.5]

4.0 [3.0, 5.0]

2.0 [1.0, 5.0]

0.083

Kruskal-Wallis

72hrs total morphine dose (mean (SD))

32 (33)

7 (22)

41.8 (46)

7.9 (32)

< 0.001^*

ANOVA

Morphine consumption at day 1 (mean (SD))

17.0 (19)

5 (15)

17.3 (25)

4 (14)

< 0.001^*

ANOVA

Morphine consumption at day 2 (mean (SD))

10.4 (15)

2 (6)

16.2 (15)

2.3 (11)

0.001^*

ANOVA

Morphine consumption at day 3 (mean (SD))

3.4 (6.61)

3.00 (9.49)

10.0 (11.69)

1.92 (7.31)

0.017

ANOVA

Hospital length of stay (median [IQR])

10 [8.0, 14.75]

13 [8.25, 15.5]

14 [10.0, 19.5]

14. [11.0, 21.25]

0.001^*

Kruskal-Wallis

10.00 [8.00, 15.00]

14.00 [10.50, 21.50]

< 0.001

Wilcoxon