Table 1: Baseline characteristics of no tracheostomy, elective tracheostomy and delayed tracheostomy groups.
|
No tracheostomy |
Elective tracheostomy |
Delayed tracheostomy |
P value |
Patients number |
98 |
36 |
23 |
|
Age (years) Mean (SD) |
62.62 (9.64) |
64.11 (9.51) |
60.30 (9.37) |
0.333 |
Male |
83 (85) |
32 (89) |
21 (92) |
0.635 |
ASA 1-2 ASA 3-4 n (%) |
73 (74) 25 (26)
|
11 (31) 25 (69)
|
13 (57) 10 (43)
|
< 0.001 |
APACHE II Mean (SD) |
16.45 (4.81) |
20.09 (5.23) |
18.19 (5.46) |
0.001 |
BMI Mean (SD) |
26.54 (4.00) |
29.21 (7.04) |
30.12 (5.08) |
0.002 |
Non-smoker Ex-smoker Current smoker n (%) |
41 (42) 50 (51) 7 (7) |
2 (6) 27 (75) 7 (19) |
8 (35) 12 (52) 3 (13) |
0.002 |
Nodes negative Nodes positive n (%) |
52 (54) 44 (46) |
23 (66) 12 (34) |
10 (43) 13 (57) |
0.236 |
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy n (%) |
77 (79) |
29 (81) |
17 (74) |
0.600 |
Completed neoadjuvant chemotherapy n (%) |
71 (72) |
25 (69) |
17 (74) |
0.337 |
Preoperative POSSUMP Median (IQR) |
19 (15-22) |
21 (18-25) |
16 (14-21) |
0.035 |
FEV1 (liter) + mean (SD) |
3.21 (0.68) |
3.07 (1.03) |
2.69 (0.69) |
0.207 |
FVC (liter) + mean (SD) |
4.29 (0.97) |
4.05 (0.98) |
3.67 (0.72) |
0.170 |
Anaerobic threshold (AT)* VO2 (ml/kg/min) |
12.17 (3.06) |
10.65 (2.51) |
11.26 (2.00) |
0.043 |
VO2-Max (ml/kg/min)* mean (SD) |
19.10 (4.32) |
16.83 (3.48) |
17.01 (3.71) |
0.023 |
AT work (Watts)* mean (SD) |
71.84 (27.94) |
64.60 (30.51) |
69.24 (22.26) |
0.533 |
Lap-assisted Open n (%) |
49 (50) 49(50) |
16 (44) 20 (56) |
8 (35) 15 (65) |
0.404 |
2 Stage 3 Stage n (%) |
97 (99) 1 (1) |
31 (86) 5 (14) |
23 (100) 0 |
0.006 |
Duration surgery (Minutes) Median (IQR) |
399 (73) |
475 (64) |
434 (98) |
<0.001 |
Intraoperative fluid (liter) Median (SD) |
2.96 (1.55) |
3.50 (1.06) |
2.90 (1.40) |
0.131 |
Estimated blood loss (ml) Median (IQR) |
500 (300-755) |
450 (300-550) |
546 (400-682) |
0.711 |
*Not all patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Numbers were: no tracheostomy 57/98, elective tracheostomy 30/36 and Delayed tracheostomy 18/23.
+Not all patients underwent pulmonary function testing. Numbers were: No tracheostomy 49/98, elective tracheostomy 27/36 and delayed tracheostomy 9/23.
SD: Standard deviation; n: Number; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system; APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; BMI: Body Mass Index; POSSUM P: Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and Morbidity Portsmouth; IQR: Interquartile Range; FEV1: Forced Expiratory Volume in one second; FVC: Forced Vital Capacity; AT: Anaerobic Threshold; ml/kg/min: milliliters per kilogram per minute; VO2 max: Maximal oxygen consumption.