Differences between groups for selected characteristics in knowledge and attitude with regard pain management (Independent sample t test).

Table 3: Differences between groups for selected characteristics in knowledge and attitude with regard pain management (Independent sample t test).

Characteristics	n	Mean (SD)	P value
Gender
Male	72	19.13 (4.90)	0.878
Female	199	19.02 (4.97)	0.878
Attending training courses concerned to pain management
Yes	119	20.03 (5.35)	0.000^*
No	72	17.47 (3.66)	0.000^*
Reading books or journals about pain management
Yes	113	20.36 (5.03)	0.000^*
No	78	17.19 (4.15)	0.000^*
Frequency of using pain assessment tools
Yes	93	20.21 (5.38)	0.002^*
No	98	17.97 (4.22)	0.002^*

*P value is significant ≤ 0.05.