Lists current applications of NPs in biology and medicine.

Table 2:Lists current applications of NPs in biology and medicine.

NPs	Applications	Safety/Adverse effects	References
Gold colloid	Medical diagnostics Drug/gene delivery Pharmaceuticals	LD: Relatively safe HD: Cytotoxicity, kidney and liver damage	[180-182]
Silver colloid	Similar to Gold Antimicrobial agents Clothing odor resistance	LD: Oxidative stress HD: Neurotoxicity and liver damage, antibacterial	[183-185]
TiO₂	Antimicrobial paint, tooth paste and cosmetics	Autistic disorders, epilepsy Alzheimer's like plaques	[186-188]
Fe	Environmental remediation	Oxidative stress, inflammation liver toxicity	[189,190]
Fe₂O₃	Magnetic nanoparticle - contrast agents for tumor imaging	Oxidative stress, membrane leakage of LDH, DNA damage, inflammation	[37,191]
CNTs	Diagnostics Consumer electronics Sports equipment	Mitochondrial toxicity, cell cycle arrest, liver and lungs damage, frustrated phagocytosis	[192-195]
Fullerenes	Drug delivery	Oxidative stress, inflammation Liver damage	[196,197]
Linear polymers	Drug delivery	LD: Relatively safe HD: CNS and liver damage s	[198,199]
Dendrimers	Drug delivery	Relatively safe. Some dendrimers may mimic body proteins and enzymes	[200-202]